Plastics Europe Public LCI Database

Process Data set: Ethylene; production mix, at plant (en) en

Process information

Key Data Set Information
Location	EU-28
Geographical representativeness description	EU27 including Norway
Reference year	2008
Name	Base name ; Mix and location types Ethylene; production mix, at plant
Synonyms	ethene
Classification	Class name : Hierarchy level ILCD: Materials production / Plastics
General comment on data set	Disclaimer: The LCI and LCIA results of this dataset can vary from the published Eco-profile on PlasticsEurope website due to the conversion of the original LCI to an ILCD compliant LCI, and some updates of characterization factors used in the Eco-profile since the time of the publication. This was done in agreement with PlasticsEurope.
Copyright	Yes
Time representativeness
Data set valid until	2014
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system	The world-wide demand for lower olefins, i.e. ethylene, propylene and butadienes is higher than for any other chemical as they are the primary feedstock for most plastics, polymers and man-made fibres. But lower olefins are only found in very low concentrations in crude oil due to their high reactivity. It is thus necessary to split up longer, saturated hydrocarbons into shorter, unsaturated compounds using the large-scale cracking process. The chemical reaction for the cracking process is a dehydrogenation and can be affected either catalytically or thermally. In the European Union the steam cracking process which thermally induces the reaction accounts for the lion's share of the ethylene, propylene and butadiene production. Due to the rising demand for ethylene and propylene as precursors for the polymer production not only naphtha, but also gas fractions are used as feedstock for steam cracking. In the European Union they play a minor role, whereas in the USA even most crackers use gas feedstock. In the steam cracking process suitable hydrocarbons are heated to temperatures of up to 800 °C or even higher in the presence of steam to crack the modules into the desired products - lower olefins. Only a limited number of international technology contractors licenses the equipment used for crackers. The generic design of the machines is quite similar. Little modifications help to optimize the plant performance according to local conditions. Besides differences in the furnace, pressure and temperature of the fractionation columns and refrigeration systems may also vary or turbo expanders may be in use. Regardless of feedstock or contractor a cracker may be separated into three sections namely pyrolysis, primary fractionation/compression and product fractionation. In the pyrolysis section the hydrocarbon feedstock is preheated and then vaporised with superheated steam before passing into long and narrow tubes arranged in a cracking furnace. The hydrocarbon feedstock is cracked into smaller molecules by controlling residence time, temperature profile and partial pressure. This process is highly endothermic and therefore requires a high energy input. Therefore the tubes of the furnace are heated to 750 - 875 °C by oil or gas fire burners. To reduce the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon mixture and to minimise coke formation high-pressure steam is injected which gives the process the name steam cracking. To quickly quench the product gases to 550 - 650°C and to recover heat for internal use, transfer line exchangers (TLEs) may be used. The primary fractionation and compression section consists of the primary fractionator (naphtha and gas oil feed only), quench tower, gas compressor and gas cleanup facilities. The primary fractionator is used to condense out and fractionate fuel oil streams produced from naphtha and gas oil fed crackers. The gases are de-superheated in the quench tower by a circulating oil or water stream. The circulating oil or water stream is used as a medium level heat source for the rest of the plant. Product gases from the quench tower .are condensed by four or five stages of gas compression. The gas is cooled after each stage and passed through a liquid knock-out drum. Finally, acid gases and carbon dioxide are removed from the cracked gas. The chilling train usually consists of four or five successive stages of chilling, incorporating ethylene and propylene refrigeration as well as an elaborate self-refrigeration system. This produces hydrogen which is used for downstream hydrogenation, hydrotreating of the heavier products or sold as a product. The exact process flow sequence varies according to the feedstock and the design arrangement, but various fractionation towers are used to separate the desired products. This may include a sequence of de-methaniser, followed by a de-ethaniser . Bottoms from the de-ethaniser are directed to the de-propaniser and the de-butaniser. The lighter the feedstock, the fewer fractions need to be separated and the separation system may be constructer simpler. After separation the ethylene still contains undesirable acetylene and ethane. Acetylene is removed either by selective catalytic hydrogenation or by extractive distillation. After separation from ethylene ethane is recycled back to the cracker. Similarly the C3 fraction contains methyl acetylene and propadiene after separation. Selective hydrogenation is used to convert this into propylene and propane prior to separation in a C3 splitter. In the European Union crackers are basically fed with Naphtha and condensates, also called natural gas liquids (NGL). Both sorts of feedstock are very similar mixtures of hydrocarbons. Liquid feedstocks have a high share as they are transported easily. Other important feedstock for crackers in the EU are gas oil, butane, propane, refinery gas and ethane. Ethane mainly comes from North Sea gas fields whereas other feedstock gases come from refineries.

Modelling and validation

LCI method and allocation

Type of data set

LCI result

LCI Method Principle

Other

Data sources, treatment and representativeness

Data treatment and extrapolations principles

no extrapolation

Percentage supply or production covered

90.0 %

Annual supply or production volume

20,280 Kt in 2010 (share of APPE members is at least 90% of European production)

Sampling procedure

literature values based on European company surveys & European statistics

Uncertainty adjustments

none

Completeness

Completeness of product model

No statement

Completeness elementary flows, per topic

Climate change: No statement
Ozone depletion: No statement
Summer smog: No statement
Eutrophication: No statement
Acidification: No statement
Human toxicity: No statement
Freshwater ecotoxicity: No statement
Seawater eco-toxicity: No statement
Terrestric eco-toxicity: No statement
Radioactivity: No statement
Land use: No statement
Non-renewable material resource depletion: No statement
Renewable material resource consumption: No statement
Non-renewable primary energy depletion: No statement
Renewable primary energy consumption: No statement
Particulate matter/respiratory inorganics: No statement
Species depletion: No statement
Noise: No statement

Validation

Type of review

Scope / Method(s) of review

Review details

Not reviewed

Scope name	Method name
Unit process(es), black box	No records found.
LCI results or Partly terminated system	No records found.
Unit process(es), single operation	No records found.
LCIA results	No records found.
Raw data	No records found.
Life cycle inventory methods	No records found.
LCIA results calculation	No records found.
Goal and scope definition	No records found.
Documentation	No records found.

external review passed

Subsequent review comments

The goal and scope of this Eco-profile study was confirmed to be a European production average of the following polymer precursors: Ethylene, Propylene, Butadiene, Pyrolysis Gasoline, Ethylene Oxide (EO), and Ethylene Glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG). The geographical scope includes the EU 27 member states and Norway, with a coverage of 50 plants (approx. 92% of European production volume). One important limitation of the technological scope is that the study considered only steam cracking, the most important process to produce ethylene and propylene, whereas the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process is not included here. This technological scope is in line with earlier Eco-profiles published by PlasticsEurope which were also limited to steam crackers as a source of olefins and their derivatives. Further, since naphtha is the most common feedstock in Europe, the examined population of cracker units comprised predominantly naphtha crackers (only 2 gas crackers, while most units use a mix of feeds). The main data source used for this study was a validated confidential report by the petrochemical industry (APPE) under the European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) on energy use and CO2 emissions of European steamcracking operations. In addition, publicly available literature was used. Other processes, including refinery, ethylene oxidation, and ethylene glycol production, were derived from a proprietary refinery model (developed by the practitioner IFEU through various petrochemical industry projects), and further literature data. The review confirmed that, despite no primary data collection was conducted, the data used are applicable, up-todate, and modelled with a view to internal consistency. The temporal scope was confirmed to be 2009 reference year and valid at least until 2014 in view of the slow technological changes. The following aspects were subject to particular scrutiny by the review panel: •The product range of the steam cracker, especially the designation as high value compounds (HVC) for the purposes of allocation; •the input/output balance of hydrocarbon feedstocks, also accounting for internal loops or further processing of some intermediate products (such as hydrogen and pyrolysis gas); •specifically, the modelling of non-HVC refinery/fuel gases which are valorised either for thermal energy or for secondary cracking or other post-processing steps – while these will not be burdened with process energy requirements and emissions of the steam cracker itself, they do bear a share of the upstream burdens; •the use of electric and thermal energy, and the consistent accounting for the associated emissions; •the consistent and justifiable use of allocation methods; •plausibility checks of calculations along the productions chains. A review meeting between the LCA practitioner and the reviewers was held, including a model and database review, and spot checks of data and calculations. The results are thus held to be representative and reliable for the specified production routes. It is noteworthy that, compared with previous studies under the PlasticsEurope Ecoprofiles programme, the results for butadiene and pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) have changed notably: •According to recent industry data (APPE), the thermal energy (steam) required for the steam cracking process is rather high compared with the previous version of this Eco-profile. •The previous edition of the Eco-profiles for olefins apparently used a mass allocation for energy demand and emissions of the steam cracking process to all cracker output streams (thus lowering specific burdens), not only to the HVC as in the present version; from today’s perspective, also to ensure consistency with current industry practice (APPE), the latter allocation is deemed more appropriate. •It is noteworthy that fuel-grade by-products which are returned to the refinery (looped back) were calculated with their calorific value and with their upstream burdens (oil extraction, transport and refining), but no process-related environmental impacts were assigned to them. •Specifically, the impact indicators for butadiene have increased substantially because butadiene is extracted in a separate facility following the steam cracker, and this additional processing requires thermal energy, electricity, and solvents. •The impact indicators for pygas (including benzene, toluene and xylene, BTX, and other components) have decreased because of the adjusted allocation. •The overall levels of greenhouse gas emissions of the steam cracker units were confirmed to be in line with APPE’s ETS reporting and corroborated by bottom-up calculations based on the internal use of low-value byproducts as process fuels (mainly methane). For greenhouse gas emissions, the results of this new version of the Eco-profile are hardly higher than those published in the previous version of 2005. •Other impact categories changed somewhat in proportion with the process energy requirements. It should be noted, however, that some indicators apparently changed substantially due to life cycle inventory items in the previous version not being specific enough to allow an accurate a posteriori calculation (average characterisation factors applied to unspecified substance flows). In these cases, a comparison with the previous version is strictly speaking not valid. Further, the review verified that the model and calculations comply with the rules of the PlasticsEurope Ecoprofiles methodology and with ISO 14040–14044: the resulting life cycle inventory datasets for Ethylene, Propylene, Butadiene, Pyrolysis Gasoline, Ethylene Oxide (EO), and Ethylene Glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG) and are thus compatible building blocks for use in other Eco-profile calculations. Review Summary The Eco-profile of Ethylene, Propylene, Butadiene, Pyrolysis Gasoline, Ethylene Oxide (EO), and Ethylene Glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG) has been validated to appropriately represent current European production of these polymer precursors. The underlying emission data for the steam cracking process are consistent with reports of the petrochemical industry under the European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). Other processes, including refinery, ethylene oxidation, and ethylene glycol production, were derived from project and literature data and modelled with a view to internal consistency. The results are thus held to be representative and reliable for the specified production routes. Reviewer Names and Institutions Chair: Dr.-Ing. Ivo Mersiowsky – Business Line Manager, Sustainability Leadership, DEKRA Consulting GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany Co-reviewer: Dr. Martin Patel – Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Reviewer name and institution
Mersiowsky I., Dr.-Ing.

Administrative information

Data generator
Data set generator / modeller	Liebich A.
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved)	2019-06-01T00:00:00.000
Data set format(s)	ILCD format 1.1
Data entry by	Liebich A.
Publication and ownership
UUID	b748263b-2419-415b-98a1-cd78f7e6fc77
Date of last revision	2019-06-01T00:00:00.000
Data set version	00.00.001
Workflow and publication status	Working draft
Copyright	Yes
License type	Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs

Type of flow	Flow	Mean amount	Resulting amount
Elementary flow	carbon dioxide (biogenic)	0.021441 kg	0.021441 kg
Elementary flow	freshwater	0.01708201 m3	0.01708201 m3
Elementary flow	rhenium	1.1625E-12 kg	1.1625E-12 kg
Elementary flow	aluminium	1.5911E-5 kg	1.5911E-5 kg
Elementary flow	asbestos (white)	1.7475E-8 kg	1.7475E-8 kg
Elementary flow	olivine	2.7445E-10 kg	2.7445E-10 kg
Elementary flow	sodium chloride	7.9491E-4 kg	7.9491E-4 kg
Elementary flow	mineral extraction site	3.287E-5 m2*a	3.287E-5 m2*a
Elementary flow	agriculture, mosaic	0.0032389 m2*a	0.0032389 m2*a
Elementary flow	Volume occupied, underground deposit	1.4859E-8 m3	1.4859E-8 m3
Elementary flow	ground water	1.5962E-4 m3	1.5962E-4 m3
Elementary flow	tellurium	3.1667E-18 kg	3.1667E-18 kg
Elementary flow	Wood, soft, standing	7.5847935E-7 m3	7.5847935E-7 m3
Elementary flow	kieserite	1.2832E-10 kg	1.2832E-10 kg
Elementary flow	brown coal	0.45686916 MJ	0.45686916 MJ
Elementary flow	magnesium	3.7417E-18 kg	3.7417E-18 kg
Elementary flow	from unspecified	1.8023E-6 m2	1.8023E-6 m2
Elementary flow	Water, salt, sole	1.0098 m3	1.0098 m3
Elementary flow	sand	1.6423E-8 kg	1.6423E-8 kg
Elementary flow	primary energy from hydro power	0.13991 MJ	0.13991 MJ
Elementary flow	chromium	2.3829E-7 kg	2.3829E-7 kg
Elementary flow	phosphorus	4.1471E-6 kg	4.1471E-6 kg
Elementary flow	lake water	9.8479E-7 m3	9.8479E-7 m3
Elementary flow	praseodymium	2.8107E-9 kg	2.8107E-9 kg
Elementary flow	zirconium	3.2636E-17 kg	3.2636E-17 kg
Elementary flow	kaolin	3.6373E-6 kg	3.6373E-6 kg
Elementary flow	Wood, primary forest, standing	2.888E-7 m3	2.888E-7 m3
Elementary flow	from forest, primary	6.0743E-9 m2	6.0743E-9 m2
Elementary flow	barium sulfate	1.5967E-6 kg	1.5967E-6 kg
Elementary flow	gypsum	2.698777E-8 kg	2.698777E-8 kg
Elementary flow	neodymium	2.649E-8 kg	2.649E-8 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt	3.3741E-7 kg	3.3741E-7 kg
Elementary flow	carbon	3.95211E-8 kg	3.95211E-8 kg
Elementary flow	palladium	1.40529E-10 kg	1.40529E-10 kg
Elementary flow	from agriculture, mosaic	2.4285E-6 m2	2.4285E-6 m2
Elementary flow	granite	1.7046E-15 kg	1.7046E-15 kg
Elementary flow	to unspecified	5.2571E-7 m2	5.2571E-7 m2
Elementary flow	sodium sulfate	6.0443E-6 kg	6.0443E-6 kg
Elementary flow	sulfur	7.2066E-6 kg	7.2066E-6 kg
Elementary flow	magnesite	1.225E-8 kg	1.225E-8 kg
Elementary flow	copper	9.97988E-8 kg	9.97988E-8 kg
Elementary flow	cerium	1.6066E-7 kg	1.6066E-7 kg
Elementary flow	Volume occupied, final repository for low-active radioactive waste	1.2101E-9 m3	1.2101E-9 m3
Elementary flow	samarium	2.0057E-9 kg	2.0057E-9 kg
Elementary flow	titanium	7.154730001196146E-6 kg	7.154730001196146E-6 kg
Elementary flow	inert rock	4.671270816954564E-6 kg	4.671270816954564E-6 kg
Elementary flow	primary energy from wind power	0.039424 MJ	0.039424 MJ
Elementary flow	molybdenum	6.7805602E-7 kg	6.7805602E-7 kg
Elementary flow	basalt	1.8913E-11 kg	1.8913E-11 kg
Elementary flow	colemanite	4.5898E-9 kg	4.5898E-9 kg
Elementary flow	biomass	0.13020067803 MJ	0.13020067803 MJ
Elementary flow	rhodium	3.90072E-12 kg	3.90072E-12 kg
Elementary flow	gold	2.402662E-17 kg	2.402662E-17 kg
Elementary flow	potassium chloride	7.9553E-9 kg	7.9553E-9 kg
Elementary flow	fluorspar	2.1326E-5 kg	2.1326E-5 kg
Elementary flow	Volume occupied, final repository for radioactive waste	3.0647E-10 m3	3.0647E-10 m3
Elementary flow	iron	4.64E-6 kg	4.64E-6 kg
Elementary flow	zinc	7.3204E-8 kg	7.3204E-8 kg
Elementary flow	bentonite	2.5907E-6 kg	2.5907E-6 kg
Elementary flow	Pit Methane (in MJ)	0.00257450893478261 MJ	0.00257450893478261 MJ
Elementary flow	hard coal	0.6365651947801654 MJ	0.6365651947801654 MJ
Elementary flow	clay	3.7762E-6 kg	3.7762E-6 kg
Elementary flow	platinum	4.35712E-12 kg	4.35712E-12 kg
Elementary flow	natural aggregate	6.5597E-5 kg	6.5597E-5 kg
Elementary flow	from urban, continuously built	1.1879E-6 m2	1.1879E-6 m2
Elementary flow	primary energy from solar energy	0.0036574 MJ	0.0036574 MJ
Elementary flow	cinnabar	1.631E-9 kg	1.631E-9 kg
Elementary flow	silver	6.52348E-17 kg	6.52348E-17 kg
Elementary flow	uranium	0.86912 MJ	0.86912 MJ
Elementary flow	natural gas	10.435365787867475 MJ	10.435365787867475 MJ
Elementary flow	urban, continuously built	2.215E-4 m2*a	2.215E-4 m2*a
Elementary flow	boron	1.508478799342E-18 kg	1.508478799342E-18 kg
Elementary flow	to urban, continuously built	1.8229E-6 m2	1.8229E-6 m2
Elementary flow	lead	2.5382E-11 kg	2.5382E-11 kg
Elementary flow	primary energy from geothermics	7.4195E-4 MJ	7.4195E-4 MJ
Elementary flow	sodium nitrate	8.5096E-15 kg	8.5096E-15 kg
Elementary flow	crude oil	53.5560298607543 MJ	53.5560298607543 MJ
Elementary flow	feldspar	1.9797E-15 kg	1.9797E-15 kg
Elementary flow	manganese	1.1339E-9 kg	1.1339E-9 kg
Elementary flow	diatomite	2.027E-13 kg	2.027E-13 kg
Elementary flow	gadolinium	1.0046E-9 kg	1.0046E-9 kg
Elementary flow	nickel	8.9712E-7 kg	8.9712E-7 kg
Elementary flow	tin	2.8394E-10 kg	2.8394E-10 kg
Elementary flow	fluorine	1.03785E-6 kg	1.03785E-6 kg
Elementary flow	indium	1.1897E-14 kg	1.1897E-14 kg
Elementary flow	europium	4.0252E-10 kg	4.0252E-10 kg
Elementary flow	sea water	0.53119 kg	0.53119 kg
Elementary flow	lithium	2.9622E-14 kg	2.9622E-14 kg
Elementary flow	calcium carbonate	0.0018482 kg	0.0018482 kg
Elementary flow	tantalum	2.3728E-17 kg	2.3728E-17 kg
Elementary flow	to agriculture, mosaic	2.1858E-6 m2	2.1858E-6 m2
Elementary flow	river water	2.8573E-4 m3	2.8573E-4 m3
Elementary flow	cadmium	8.1698E-16 kg	8.1698E-16 kg
Elementary flow	talc	3.6792E-9 kg	3.6792E-9 kg
Elementary flow	peat	1.840272E-5 MJ	1.840272E-5 MJ
Elementary flow	antimonite	2.1065E-14 kg	2.1065E-14 kg
Elementary flow	borax	1.6061E-10 kg	1.6061E-10 kg
Elementary flow	dolomite	9.5305E-9 kg	9.5305E-9 kg
Elementary flow	slate	2.2726E-9 kg	2.2726E-9 kg

Outputs

Type of flow	Flow	Mean amount	Resulting amount
Elementary flow	calcium	1.7043E-7 kg	1.7043E-7 kg
Elementary flow	aluminium	4.4489E-8 kg	4.4489E-8 kg
Elementary flow	sulfate	0.0040054 kg	0.0040054 kg
Elementary flow	lead	1.1448E-10 kg	1.1448E-10 kg
Elementary flow	acrolein	2.0101E-11 kg	2.0101E-11 kg
Elementary flow	butylene glycol	1.2403E-15 kg	1.2403E-15 kg
Elementary flow	barium	8.2342E-9 kg	8.2342E-9 kg
Elementary flow	total organic carbon	5.8715E-8 kg	5.8715E-8 kg
Elementary flow	ethylene	8.7232E-5 kg	8.7232E-5 kg
Elementary flow	hydrocarbons (unspecified)	1.1323E-6 kg	1.1323E-6 kg
Elementary flow	Sodium dichromate	9.4773E-14 kg	9.4773E-14 kg
Elementary flow	ethanol	1.2885E-7 kg	1.2885E-7 kg
Elementary flow	isoprene	5.8201E-13 kg	5.8201E-13 kg
Waste flow	Ash	3.22371E-4 kg	3.22371E-4 kg
Elementary flow	dichloromethane	8.5563E-15 kg	8.5563E-15 kg
Elementary flow	methane (fossil)	0.0023377 kg	0.0023377 kg
Elementary flow	Chlorosilane, trimethyl-	9.2525E-18 kg	9.2525E-18 kg
Elementary flow	ammonia	5.369E-6 kg	5.369E-6 kg
Elementary flow	thorium-230	2.6916E-6 kBq	2.6916E-6 kBq
Elementary flow	sulfur	3.1013E-10 kg	3.1013E-10 kg
Elementary flow	nitrogen, total (excluding N2)	9.9966E-6 kg	9.9966E-6 kg
Elementary flow	hydrogen sulfide	1.9475E-6 kg	1.9475E-6 kg
Elementary flow	rhodium	6.5774E-11 kg	6.5774E-11 kg
Elementary flow	cumene	2.07E-8 kg	2.07E-8 kg
Elementary flow	hexane	3.546E-6 kg	3.546E-6 kg
Elementary flow	m-xylene	3.5865E-15 kg	3.5865E-15 kg
Elementary flow	m-xylene	1.1666E-9 kg	1.1666E-9 kg
Elementary flow	formaldehyde	1.0539E-6 kg	1.0539E-6 kg
Elementary flow	uranium-238	2.050100083704E-5 kBq	2.050100083704E-5 kBq
Elementary flow	cadmium	2.7909E-8 kg	2.7909E-8 kg
Elementary flow	FC-14	1.4812E-10 kg	1.4812E-10 kg
Elementary flow	nitrobenzene	8.2086E-15 kg	8.2086E-15 kg
Elementary flow	adsorbable organic halogen compounds	1.5835E-7 kg	1.5835E-7 kg
Elementary flow	phenol	6.7859E-12 kg	6.7859E-12 kg
Elementary flow	benzaldehyde	7.4579E-12 kg	7.4579E-12 kg
Elementary flow	2-methyl-2-butene	2.9546E-20 kg	2.9546E-20 kg
Elementary flow	total organic carbon	0.0162898 kg	0.0162898 kg
Elementary flow	Carbon monoxide, non-fossil	2.0094E-7 kg	2.0094E-7 kg
Elementary flow	butene	7.667E-6 kg	7.667E-6 kg
Elementary flow	acrylic acid	9.5766E-20 kg	9.5766E-20 kg
Elementary flow	chlorobenzene	1.3753E-13 kg	1.3753E-13 kg
Elementary flow	butadiene	5.2026E-6 kg	5.2026E-6 kg
Elementary flow	Hydrocarbons, chlorinated	4.56E-10 kg	4.56E-10 kg
Elementary flow	tin	1.1254E-8 kg	1.1254E-8 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt	3.3988E-8 kg	3.3988E-8 kg
Elementary flow	particles (> PM10)	3.10191E-4 kg	3.10191E-4 kg
Elementary flow	lead	2.2616E-7 kg	2.2616E-7 kg
Elementary flow	tellurium	1.1007E-10 kg	1.1007E-10 kg
Elementary flow	ethylene oxide	1.1581E-13 kg	1.1581E-13 kg
Elementary flow	carbon dioxide (biogenic)	0.021329 kg	0.021329 kg
Elementary flow	lead	6.5497E-8 kg	6.5497E-8 kg
Elementary flow	acetaldehyde	6.28E-7 kg	6.28E-7 kg
Elementary flow	nitrous oxide	1.4259E-5 kg	1.4259E-5 kg
Elementary flow	pentachlorophenol	2.9343E-10 kg	2.9343E-10 kg
Elementary flow	vanadium	5.0671E-11 kg	5.0671E-11 kg
Elementary flow	styrene	4.6863E-7 kg	4.6863E-7 kg
Elementary flow	beryllium	7.9727E-10 kg	7.9727E-10 kg
Elementary flow	o-xylene	6.8921E-16 kg	6.8921E-16 kg
Elementary flow	waste heat	1.3826 MJ	1.3826 MJ
Elementary flow	Benzal chloride	1.3374E-20 kg	1.3374E-20 kg
Elementary flow	Dichromate	1.0318E-13 kg	1.0318E-13 kg
Elementary flow	manganese-54	1.6365E-9 kBq	1.6365E-9 kBq
Elementary flow	HCFC-21	9.6303E-18 kg	9.6303E-18 kg
Elementary flow	acetic acid	3.5103E-7 kg	3.5103E-7 kg
Elementary flow	ethylene	2.0869E-8 kg	2.0869E-8 kg
Elementary flow	boron	1.4226E-7 kg	1.4226E-7 kg
Elementary flow	1,2-dichlorobenzene	1.0486E-14 kg	1.0486E-14 kg
Elementary flow	isobutane	1.0723E-5 kg	1.0723E-5 kg
Elementary flow	xylene (all isomers)	8.0654E-6 kg	8.0654E-6 kg
Elementary flow	chromium VI	2.86127E-7 kg	2.86127E-7 kg
Elementary flow	Nitrogen, organic bound	3.3708E-7 kg	3.3708E-7 kg
Elementary flow	cesium-134	1.1119E-7 kBq	1.1119E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	carbon-14	0.0014865 kBq	0.0014865 kBq
Elementary flow	uranium-234	5.4004E-9 kBq	5.4004E-9 kBq
Elementary flow	sulfur dioxide	0.0017446 kg	0.0017446 kg
Elementary flow	nitrobenzene	3.2896E-14 kg	3.2896E-14 kg
Elementary flow	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	3.361E-8 kg	3.361E-8 kg
Elementary flow	beryllium	5.1275E-8 kg	5.1275E-8 kg
Elementary flow	dimethylamine	4.6153E-15 kg	4.6153E-15 kg
Elementary flow	Methyl borate	2.0911E-16 kg	2.0911E-16 kg
Elementary flow	sulfur hexafluoride	5.4547E-9 kg	5.4547E-9 kg
Elementary flow	particles (PM2.5 - PM10)	2.6026E-5 kg	2.6026E-5 kg
Elementary flow	antimony	2.882E-8 kg	2.882E-8 kg
Elementary flow	americium-241	3.4161E-7 kBq	3.4161E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	Phosphorus	2.4583E-7 kg	2.4583E-7 kg
Elementary flow	propanal	7.4632E-12 kg	7.4632E-12 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt-58	9.5598E-10 kBq	9.5598E-10 kBq
Elementary flow	copper	8.2165E-8 kg	8.2165E-8 kg
Elementary flow	pentane	1.0003E-5 kg	1.0003E-5 kg
Elementary flow	isopropanol	2.3695E-16 kg	2.3695E-16 kg
Elementary flow	particles (PM2.5)	1.4904E-4 kg	1.4904E-4 kg
Waste flow	Waste of foil (inline recycling)	4.7894E-11 kg	4.7894E-11 kg
Elementary flow	iron	3.7883E-5 kg	3.7883E-5 kg
Elementary flow	carbon disulfide	1.8901E-8 kg	1.8901E-8 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt-60	8.0789E-8 kBq	8.0789E-8 kBq
Elementary flow	cesium-137	2.2755E-7 kBq	2.2755E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	particles (PM10)	1.8067E-9 kg	1.8067E-9 kg
Elementary flow	methyl formate	2.7072E-16 kg	2.7072E-16 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt	2.4801E-11 kg	2.4801E-11 kg
Elementary flow	hydrogen-3	140.83 kBq	140.83 kBq
Elementary flow	ethyl benzene	1.8841E-6 kg	1.8841E-6 kg
Elementary flow	Carbon dioxide (land use change)	3.0911E-6 kg	3.0911E-6 kg
Elementary flow	polychlorinated biphenyls	1.2619E-13 kg	1.2619E-13 kg
Elementary flow	zinc	7.6491E-8 kg	7.6491E-8 kg
Elementary flow	Aldehydes, unspecified	1.1828E-9 kg	1.1828E-9 kg
Elementary flow	n-propanol	5.2265E-15 kg	5.2265E-15 kg
Elementary flow	sodium	2.3759E-5 kg	2.3759E-5 kg
Elementary flow	radium-226	0.010348 kBq	0.010348 kBq
Elementary flow	hydrogen sulfide	8.2463E-9 kg	8.2463E-9 kg
Elementary flow	Hydrocarbons, aromatic	1.5789E-5 kg	1.5789E-5 kg
Elementary flow	1,2-dichloroethane	1.286E-9 kg	1.286E-9 kg
Elementary flow	plutonium	5.9473E-9 kBq	5.9473E-9 kBq
Elementary flow	acetaldehyde	6.4874E-8 kg	6.4874E-8 kg
Elementary flow	arsenic V	1.8741E-7 kg	1.8741E-7 kg
Elementary flow	zinc	3.3199E-9 kg	3.3199E-9 kg
Elementary flow	fluoride	2.9085E-6 kg	2.9085E-6 kg
Elementary flow	isobutanol	1.1356E-15 kg	1.1356E-15 kg
Elementary flow	propylene oxide	7.2632E-11 kg	7.2632E-11 kg
Elementary flow	copper	6.6729E-7 kg	6.6729E-7 kg
Elementary flow	uranium-234	3.1923E-7 kBq	3.1923E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	nitrite	2.7441E-8 kg	2.7441E-8 kg
Elementary flow	benzene	2.6696E-5 kg	2.6696E-5 kg
Elementary flow	tetrachloroethene	2.0086E-13 kg	2.0086E-13 kg
Elementary flow	nickel	3.2581E-6 kg	3.2581E-6 kg
Elementary flow	carbon-14	2.0597E-5 kBq	2.0597E-5 kBq
Elementary flow	platinum	7.1717E-11 kg	7.1717E-11 kg
Elementary flow	xylene (all isomers)	7.7148E-6 kg	7.7148E-6 kg
Elementary flow	benzo[a]pyrene	1.3264E-9 kg	1.3264E-9 kg
Elementary flow	sulfide	1.7897E-8 kg	1.7897E-8 kg
Elementary flow	1,2-dichloroethane	1.8728E-10 kg	1.8728E-10 kg
Elementary flow	particles (> PM10)	1.6128E-4 kg	1.6128E-4 kg
Elementary flow	particles (PM10)	1.0635E-9 kg	1.0635E-9 kg
Elementary flow	antimony	3.9399E-16 kg	3.9399E-16 kg
Elementary flow	ethylene oxide	2.7388E-10 kg	2.7388E-10 kg
Elementary flow	Dissolved solids	1.793117782E-7 kg	1.793117782E-7 kg
Elementary flow	propene	5.8294E-5 kg	5.8294E-5 kg
Elementary flow	molybdenum	2.2229E-7 kg	2.2229E-7 kg
Elementary flow	non-methane volatile organic compounds	0.00177230417 kg	0.00177230417 kg
Elementary flow	propionic acid	2.3828E-9 kg	2.3828E-9 kg
Elementary flow	tert-butyl methyl ether	7.1056E-9 kg	7.1056E-9 kg
Elementary flow	R-40	7.863E-11 kg	7.863E-11 kg
Elementary flow	cesium-134	2.7369E-5 kBq	2.7369E-5 kBq
Elementary flow	benzo[a]pyrene	6.2281E-16 kg	6.2281E-16 kg
Elementary flow	methylamine	7.418E-16 kg	7.418E-16 kg
Elementary flow	methyl ethyl ketone	6.9466E-16 kg	6.9466E-16 kg
Elementary flow	formic acid	4.4171E-11 kg	4.4171E-11 kg
Elementary flow	barium	6.9857E-5 kg	6.9857E-5 kg
Elementary flow	propane	1.5555E-5 kg	1.5555E-5 kg
Waste flow	Hazardous waste for further processing	6.3033E-4 kg	6.3033E-4 kg
Elementary flow	cadmium	1.9038E-11 kg	1.9038E-11 kg
Elementary flow	uranium-238	3.315E-4 kBq	3.315E-4 kBq
Elementary flow	cobalt	7.3374E-7 kg	7.3374E-7 kg
Elementary flow	acetone	6.7555E-8 kg	6.7555E-8 kg
Elementary flow	chloride	0.0398 kg	0.0398 kg
Elementary flow	nickel	8.1987E-11 kg	8.1987E-11 kg
Elementary flow	ethyl benzene	4.5918E-8 kg	4.5918E-8 kg
Elementary flow	waste heat	0.255 MJ	0.255 MJ
Elementary flow	polychlorinated biphenyls	3.1296E-14 kg	3.1296E-14 kg
Elementary flow	radon-222	0.82911 kBq	0.82911 kBq
Elementary flow	radium-226	1.1091E-5 kBq	1.1091E-5 kBq
Waste flow	Filter dust	6.1659E-4 kg	6.1659E-4 kg
Elementary flow	methanol	1.4272E-6 kg	1.4272E-6 kg
Elementary flow	mercury	1.9178E-8 kg	1.9178E-8 kg
Elementary flow	Phosphorus	3.9821E-9 kg	3.9821E-9 kg
Elementary flow	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	4.5842E-7 kg	4.5842E-7 kg
Elementary flow	Radioactive isotopes (unspecific)	1.2114E-7 kBq	1.2114E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin	5.5516E-14 kg	5.5516E-14 kg
Waste flow	Catalysts material	1.9338E-5 kg	1.9338E-5 kg
Elementary flow	vinyl chloride	1.323E-12 kg	1.323E-12 kg
Elementary flow	2-chlorophenol	2.1954E-16 kg	2.1954E-16 kg
Elementary flow	γ-butyrolactone	1.5277E-25 kg	1.5277E-25 kg
Elementary flow	n-butanol	1.9911E-16 kg	1.9911E-16 kg
Elementary flow	Terpenes	5.5033E-12 kg	5.5033E-12 kg
Elementary flow	tin	2.8386E-8 kg	2.8386E-8 kg
Elementary flow	hydrocarbons (unspecified)	5.3669E-7 kg	5.3669E-7 kg
Elementary flow	cadmium	2.1398E-8 kg	2.1398E-8 kg
Elementary flow	vinyl chloride	2.4708E-10 kg	2.4708E-10 kg
Elementary flow	hydrogen-3	0.0011143 kBq	0.0011143 kBq
Elementary flow	chromium VI	4.8266E-10 kg	4.8266E-10 kg
Elementary flow	selenium	2.1852E-8 kg	2.1852E-8 kg
Elementary flow	thallium	3.5539E-9 kg	3.5539E-9 kg
Elementary flow	iodine-129	5.4302E-7 kBq	5.4302E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	dichloromethane	1.9598E-12 kg	1.9598E-12 kg
Elementary flow	HFC-116	1.7662E-11 kg	1.7662E-11 kg
Elementary flow	selenium	1.3352E-7 kg	1.3352E-7 kg
Elementary flow	propylene oxide	1.7477E-10 kg	1.7477E-10 kg
Elementary flow	sulfur	1.146E-9 kg	1.146E-9 kg
Elementary flow	uranium-235	2.5058E-10 kBq	2.5058E-10 kBq
Elementary flow	molybdenum	7.9193E-9 kg	7.9193E-9 kg
Elementary flow	hydrogen fluoride	1.2787E-6 kg	1.2787E-6 kg
Elementary flow	chloroform	1.1162E-11 kg	1.1162E-11 kg
Elementary flow	antimony-124	6.2542E-8 kBq	6.2542E-8 kBq
Product flow	Ethene (ethylene)	1.0 kg	1.0 kg
Elementary flow	hexachlorobenzene	1.1796E-13 kg	1.1796E-13 kg
Elementary flow	methylamine	1.7803E-15 kg	1.7803E-15 kg
Elementary flow	phosphate	1.2192E-4 kg	1.2192E-4 kg
Elementary flow	zinc	9.555E-6 kg	9.555E-6 kg
Elementary flow	methane (biogenic)	2.4192E-6 kg	2.4192E-6 kg
Elementary flow	cyanide	8.7448E-10 kg	8.7448E-10 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt-58	1.8134E-9 kBq	1.8134E-9 kBq
Elementary flow	carbon monoxide (fossil)	9.1395E-4 kg	9.1395E-4 kg
Elementary flow	acetonitrile	6.6042E-12 kg	6.6042E-12 kg
Elementary flow	cobalt-60	5.8499E-5 kBq	5.8499E-5 kBq
Elementary flow	chlorobenzene	1.0977E-16 kg	1.0977E-16 kg
Elementary flow	acid (as H+)	4.3148E-9 kg	4.3148E-9 kg
Elementary flow	mercury	4.3101E-13 kg	4.3101E-13 kg
Elementary flow	tributyltin oxide	6.9111E-8 kg	6.9111E-8 kg
Elementary flow	krypton-85	8.0097 kBq	8.0097 kBq
Elementary flow	iodine-131	1.6896E-8 kBq	1.6896E-8 kBq
Elementary flow	cyanide	1.0178E-8 kg	1.0178E-8 kg
Elementary flow	HFC-23	3.0642E-15 kg	3.0642E-15 kg
Elementary flow	dimethyl formamide	5.5563E-7 kg	5.5563E-7 kg
Elementary flow	hydrogen chloride	1.1032E-5 kg	1.1032E-5 kg
Elementary flow	nitrate	3.7354E-5 kg	3.7354E-5 kg
Elementary flow	uranium-235	1.5758E-8 kBq	1.5758E-8 kBq
Elementary flow	iodine-129	6.0284E-5 kBq	6.0284E-5 kBq
Elementary flow	phenol	7.6741E-6 kg	7.6741E-6 kg
Elementary flow	fluorine	1.3323E-11 kg	1.3323E-11 kg
Elementary flow	biological oxygen demand	0.027845 kg	0.027845 kg
Elementary flow	pentachlorobenzene	2.8042E-13 kg	2.8042E-13 kg
Elementary flow	carbon dioxide (fossil)	1.3739 kg	1.3739 kg
Elementary flow	Nitrogen oxides	0.0025052 kg	0.0025052 kg
Elementary flow	nickel	8.5414E-7 kg	8.5414E-7 kg
Elementary flow	benzene	5.4715E-6 kg	5.4715E-6 kg
Elementary flow	vanadium	6.5164E-7 kg	6.5164E-7 kg
Elementary flow	mercury	1.424E-8 kg	1.424E-8 kg
Elementary flow	manganese	8.9927E-8 kg	8.9927E-8 kg
Elementary flow	Phosphorus	1.2572E-8 kg	1.2572E-8 kg
Elementary flow	tert-butyl methyl ether	2.5041E-6 kg	2.5041E-6 kg
Elementary flow	antimony-125	2.2115E-9 kBq	2.2115E-9 kBq
Elementary flow	ethylenediamine	3.2203E-14 kg	3.2203E-14 kg
Elementary flow	furan	1.2543E-11 kg	1.2543E-11 kg
Elementary flow	chloroform	6.0799E-16 kg	6.0799E-16 kg
Elementary flow	vanadium	2.9062E-7 kg	2.9062E-7 kg
Waste flow	Waste for recovery (unspecific)	0.0018878 kg	0.0018878 kg
Elementary flow	chromium	1.9918E-8 kg	1.9918E-8 kg
Elementary flow	ethylenediamine	1.3388E-14 kg	1.3388E-14 kg
Elementary flow	xenon-133	0.018266 kBq	0.018266 kBq
Elementary flow	barium	2.1919E-11 kg	2.1919E-11 kg
Elementary flow	thallium	2.2054E-9 kg	2.2054E-9 kg
Elementary flow	acetylene	5.3946E-7 kg	5.3946E-7 kg
Elementary flow	manganese	5.1859E-9 kg	5.1859E-9 kg
Elementary flow	2-methyl-1-propene	1.5873E-6 kg	1.5873E-6 kg
Elementary flow	monoethanolamine	6.9659E-11 kg	6.9659E-11 kg
Elementary flow	Oils, unspecified	1.2314E-4 kg	1.2314E-4 kg
Elementary flow	HFC-134a	3.9302E-10 kg	3.9302E-10 kg
Elementary flow	chlorine	1.256E-7 kg	1.256E-7 kg
Elementary flow	sulphuric acid	7.7442E-19 kg	7.7442E-19 kg
Elementary flow	antimony	2.8432E-9 kg	2.8432E-9 kg
Elementary flow	cesium-137	1.6256E-4 kBq	1.6256E-4 kBq
Elementary flow	Radioactive species, Nuclides, unspecified	498.09 kBq	498.09 kBq
Elementary flow	chemical oxygen demand	0.027968 kg	0.027968 kg
Elementary flow	arsenic	9.0121E-12 kg	9.0121E-12 kg
Elementary flow	molybdenum	5.7589E-12 kg	5.7589E-12 kg
Elementary flow	ammonium	1.2968E-6 kg	1.2968E-6 kg
Elementary flow	palladium	6.5774E-11 kg	6.5774E-11 kg
Waste flow	Gypsum (FGD)	8.58E-4 kg	8.58E-4 kg
Elementary flow	ethyl acetate	3.605E-15 kg	3.605E-15 kg
Elementary flow	iodine-131	9.8817E-7 kBq	9.8817E-7 kBq
Elementary flow	arsenic V	2.0004E-8 kg	2.0004E-8 kg
Elementary flow	heptane	6.5506E-7 kg	6.5506E-7 kg
Elementary flow	toluene	1.2985E-5 kg	1.2985E-5 kg
Elementary flow	methacrylate	4.1866E-19 kg	4.1866E-19 kg
Elementary flow	formaldehyde	1.857E-7 kg	1.857E-7 kg
Elementary flow	nitrate	5.6383E-9 kg	5.6383E-9 kg
Elementary flow	hydrogen	3.6203E-6 kg	3.6203E-6 kg
Elementary flow	toluene	2.3884E-5 kg	2.3884E-5 kg
Elementary flow	ethane	3.6405E-5 kg	3.6405E-5 kg
Elementary flow	Carbonyl sulfide	7.3834E-10 kg	7.3834E-10 kg